This study evaluates and compares the bioactive potential of Pulicaria jaubertii extracts obtained via microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using two aqueous solvents-distilled water (DW) and alkaline deionized water (ADW)-against conventional organic solvent extracts (methanol, petroleum ether). The extracts were assessed for yield, phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory effects, and anticancer activity. DW-MAE yielded the highest extraction efficiency (23.2%), total phenolic content (14.6 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid content (9.2 mg QE/g). It also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 38.2 µg/mL), maximal inhibition of protein denaturation (28.6%), and red blood cell hemolysis protection (96.15%). Cytotoxicity assays against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines confirmed greater potency of aqueous–microwave extracts compared to organic solvent counterparts. GC–MS analysis revealed higher levels of neophytadiene, hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, and oxygenated diterpenes in the DW extract. Findings demonstrate that dual-aqueous MAE protocols offer a safe, eco-friendly, and effective alternative for producing anti-inflammatory and anticancer phytoconstituents from P. jaubertii.
Pulicaria jaubertii, microwave-assisted extraction, distilled water, alkaline deionized water, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, GC–MS.
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